Global Climate Change and Health.

The environment (both home and physical) has a significant influence on health, as you saw in the readings and media presentations for this week. You also read about the ramifications of global climate change on health. For the purpose of this Assignment, consider the implications of global climate change on health now and in the future. Global Climate Change and Health. For this Assignment, review the following: Assignment Rubric for additional instruction and guidance Write a 3 pages paper that addresses the following: • Describe two health care concerns related to global climate change. o Topics could include increased exposure to vectors that transmit Zika, West Nile virus, or malaria; respiratory problems; food distribution problems due to drought or lack of water; or heat-related illness.

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• Compare concerns in the United States related to these topics with one developed and one developing country. • Describe health promotion/health protection strategies a nurse could implement. • Support your ideas with references from the professional nursing literature. Assignment Rubric: Required Content 1. Presented two concerns regarding global climate change in the United States. Included information about why this concern is important to the US and, if left unchecked, what the result will be. Described what the US is doing to combat these problems, if anything. 2. Presented two concerns regarding global climate change in another selected developed country. Included information about why this concern is important to them and, if left unchecked, what the result will be. Described interventions about what this country is doing to combat these problems, if anything. 3. Presented two concerns regarding global climate change in a selected undeveloped country. Included information about why this concern is important to them and, if left unchecked, what the result will be. Described interventions about what this country is doing to combat these problems, if anything. 4. Described 2–3 health promotion strategies public health nurses might implement to help mitigate concerns of global climate change? Global Climate Change and Health.

Global Climate Change and Health

Two health concerns regarding global climate change in the United States

Climate change along with other human-made and natural stressors affects human health and illnesses in several ways.  Climate change have a great impact on the environmental as well as social determinants of health, entailing  adequate  food, safe drinking water, clean air, along with transmission of vector-borne diseases. Increased exposure to vectors that transmit illnesses and respiratory problems are two concerns regarding global climate change in the United States. Extreme high or low air temperatures are directly contributing to deaths from respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses in the United States.   According to Morelli et al (2017), unseasonably or extremely cold temperatures expose individuals at greater risk of death for respiratory illnesses or cardiovascular disease. This health concern is important because as climate change continues, extreme temperatures fluctuations will intensify and increase cardiovascular morbidity and mortality particularly in small children, the elderly, low socioeconomic status individuals along with people with comorbidities like kidney disease, high blood pressure and diabetes. Global Climate Change and Health.

An increase in vectors that transmit diseases is a result of modifications in humidity and temperature, along with patterns of flooding that have caused expansions of the geographic area along with the ability of numerous vectors of disease to survive.  Additionally, warm winters along with alterations in patterns in seasonal weather are likely to increase the geographic range and enhance the spread of vectors, notably mosquitoes, ticks and rodents. Morelli et al, 2017). The increased transmission of vectors such as mosquitoes should be an important concern because an increase in geographic range of disease-causing vectors in combination with heightened human movement and rising human population density in urban regions will widen the increase and distribution of vector-borne illnesses.  Climate change might change the onset of tick-related diseases in the country, increasing the period for infections caused by vectors (Morelli et al, 2015). Global Climate Change and Health.

A comparison of health concerns regarding global climate change in the United States and a developed country (United Kingdom)

Similar to the United States, the increased transmission of vectors that transmit ZiKa, Malaria, and West Nile is a key concern in the UK.  Because many diseases are sensitive to climate change, there is a high likelihood that numerous will respond to changes in climate in the future. In regard to vector-borne illnesses, the response will entail spread to new regions. The UK has endemic species of mosquitoes able to transmit malaria, as well as ticks are known for transmitting Lyme disease. Additionally, the UK is endangered by species of mosquito capable of transmitting dengue, West Nile, Zika and chikungunya as well as sand flies that transmit leishmaniasis.  An increase in vectors should be an important concern because temperatures will be warmer in the coming days that will make the climate more suitable for invasive vectors and heighten their risk of spreading diseases (Baylis, 2017). Global Climate Change and Health.

The second concern regarding global climate change in the UK is the increased transmission of water-borne illnesses like gastrointestinal infections, leptospirosis and cholera. Heavy rainfall and subsequent flooding caused by global climate change regularly precede outbreaks of waterborne disease. Prolonged drought makes pathogens  that cause water-borne diseases to concentrate water sources  while higher temperatures make disease-cause pathogens that cause diseases to grow at faster rates (Baylis, 2017). This is an important  concern because of the sensitivity of waterborne illness which is likely to be impacted by changes in climate..  As Nichols et al (2018) indicate climate is expected to continue changing the frequency of heavy rainfall incidents and drought periods.  Changes in interactions amid the climate system and water cycle will alter the risk of waterborne illnesses as a result of water shortages risk of famine, low water quality, and contaminated recreational water. Global Climate Change and Health.

United Kingdom is paying more attention to controlling invasive species and the country has also recognized the threat that the native species present. Proposed actions aimed at reducing impacts  of vector-borne illnesses in the United Kingdom include vector  control at the points of entry of certain goods and vehicles, increased surveillance for sand flies and mosquitoes, research into the danger posed by certain illnesses, frequent risk  evaluations and intensified vigilance for the occurrence of  an illness emergency. Global Climate Change and Health.

A comparison of health concerns regarding global climate change in the United States and a developing country (Bangladesh)

Developing countries are the most vulnerable and affected by climate change in.  The key health concerns regard global climate change in Bangladesh is heat-related illnesses and waterborne illnesses. Sea level rise and cyclones are responsible for declining freshwater conditions in the coastal zone of Bangladesh. , particularly in the Sundarbans region. According to Ashrafuzzaman and Furini (2019, apart from the impacts on blood pressure that occur due to heat waves, salinity intrusion into sources of drinking water is also associated with cardiovascular diseases and hypertension. This is a health concern because coastal inhabitants are liable to drinking waters that are high in saline and thus at a high likelihood of consumer higher

Water salinity and heat-related illnesses are important health concerns in Bangladesh because it is anticipated that water salinity will be exacerbated in Sundarbans due to ongoing changes in climate because of the rising trend of salinity increasing in Sundarbans from the north region during the monsoon season. Islam and Amstel (2018) assert that I amplifications  in the rise duration and frequency of extreme  heat waves along with humid conditions hot seasons will possibly increase the threat  of morbidity and mortality from heat-related illnesses. Global Climate Change and Health.

Health promotion strategies   public health nurses might implement to help mitigate concerns of global climate change

Public health nurses (PHNs) may play a crucial role in tackling the health impacts of changes in climate. They can address the basic causes of illness, avert adverse health outcomes and advocate for and support policies and programs in manners that enhance the social and physical environment. According to Veenema (2018), nurses may publicly identify and acknowledge the adverse health consequences of the changing climate and be strongly committed to taking leadership roles in safeguarding their communities. They may collaborate with other stakeholders in designing and implementing action plans for mitigation, adaptation and management, and also act in political advocacy to minimize contributors to changes in climate and  how it impacts health. Global Climate Change and Health.

Public education is another health promotion strategy that PHNs can implement to help mitigate concerns of global climate change. Since PHNs understand the possible effects of extreme temperatures on individuals with respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses, they can optimize strategies for managing the impacts  and assist individuals to  in adjust  to fluctuations in temperatures, Morelli et al (2015) allege that educating patients on how they can protect themselves  in extremely  low or high temperatures,  providing information of  the quality of air quality and the way to respond to them are vital to  offering care to individuals at risk of stress related to temperature and climate changes. Global Climate Change and Health.