Pathophysiology of Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI).

Posted: November 26th, 2022

Pathophysiology of Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI).

Advanced practice nurses often treat patients with vein and artery disorders such as chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT). While the symptoms of both disorders are noticeable, these symptoms are sometimes mistaken for signs of other conditions, making the disorders difficult to diagnose. Nurses must examine all symptoms and rule out other potential disorders before diagnosing and prescribing treatment for patients. In this Assignment, you explore the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation of CVI and DVT. To Prepare Review the section “Diseases of the Veins” (pp. 598-599) in Chapter 23 of the Huether and McCance text. Identify the pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency and deep venous thrombosis. Consider the similarities and differences between these disorders. Select a patient factor different from the one you selected in this week’s Discussion: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Think about how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of CVI and DVT.Pathophysiology of Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI). ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE    Reflect on how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment of these disorders for a patient based on the factor you selected. Review the “Mind Maps—Dementia, Endocarditis, and Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)” media in the Week 2 Learning Resources. Use the examples in the media as a guide to construct two mind maps—one for chronic venous insufficiency and one for venous thrombosis. Consider the epidemiology and clinical presentation of both chronic venous insufficiency and deep venous thrombosis. To Complete Write a 2- to 3-page paper that addresses the following: Compare the pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency and deep venous thrombosis. Describe how venous thrombosis is different from arterial thrombosis. Explain how the patient factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of CVI and DVT. Describe how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment of these disorders for a patient based on the factor you selected. Construct two mind maps—one for chronic venous insufficiency and one for deep venous thrombosis. Include the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation, as well as the diagnosis and treatment you explained in your paper.

Pathophysiology of Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI).

Chronic venous insufficiencyoccurs when there is a blockage or backward flow of the venous blood or incompetence of superficial veins causing venous hypertension in the legs. The deterioration of valves causes superficial incompetence of the veins and therefore blocks the normal congruence of the valves(Spiridon& Dana, 2017). The perforating valvular fail and as a result the blood enters the superficial venous system. in addition, dilation occurs and this blocks closure of the valve tips of the superficial veins. As a result, the obstruction of the outflow, as well as flawed valve function and flawed capillary inflow. These factors elevate the venous hydrostatic pressure and hence causes microangiopathy of the venous system, edema, and also pain in the legs (Spiridon& Dana, 2017). Pathophysiology of Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI).

Pathophysiology of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Deep vein thrombosisoccurs due to factors such as venous stasis, damage to the veins, and when the blood coagulation is stimulated; all these factors increase the risk of clot formation. According to Balkanay& Bozkurt (2017)factors likely to elevate the risk of a clot being formed consist of pregnancy, lack of mobility for starts a long time, surgical procedure, varicose veins, and congestive heart failure. This is because all these factors contribute to decreased blood flow in the areas where deep vein thrombosis occur which starts within the venous valve cusps and finally forming thrombi. Thrombi consists of thrombin, red blood cells with platelets, and fibrin and in case a person does not receive treatment the thrombi can increase proximally and in some cases travel to the lungs (Heit, 2015). Pathophysiology of Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI).

How Age impacts thePathophysiology of DVT and CVI

According to Balkanay& Bozkurt (2017) age is a strong factor to both chronic venous insufficiency and deep vein thrombosis. In chronic venous insufficiency, as the age increases, there are changes in the vessel wall such as thickening of the venous valves and this elevates the venous hydrostatic pressure. In addition, age causes muscle fibers in the vessels to atrophy and at the same time results to the hypertrophy of the flexible fiber bundles. The increased collagen fiber bundles make the valves to thicken and this can lead to the elevation of the venous hydrostatic pressure; this is what makes chronic venous insufficiency to develop (Heit, 2015). Pathophysiology of Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI).

In deep vein thrombosis, increased age lead to reduced mobility, damaged venous valves, lowered venous compliance in the calf, and an elevated predisposition to diseases likely to increase the risk of thrombosis. In addition, an advanced age leads to the development of more activated coagulation peptides and a decrease in the activity of fibrinolytic system. all these factors lead to development of deep vein thrombosis (Balkanay& Bozkurt, 2017). Pathophysiology of Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI).

Diagnosis and Treatment

A diagnostic test that can be used to diagnose DVT is computed tomography (CT). On the other hand, CVI can be diagnosed using Doppler ultrasonography examination and physical examination (Spiridon& Dana, 2017). In both conditions, the treatment includes educating the patient on the condition management, mobilization, lifting the leg, obesity prevention, and venous compression stocking.Venoactive agents are used in the treatment of CVI while blood thinners are utilized in the treatment of DVT (Stone et al, 2017). Pathophysiology of Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI).