Patient-Centered Approaches to Nursing.

Posted: January 6th, 2023

Patient-Centered Approaches to Nursing.

PROMPT
1. Pick one of the grand nursing theories from chapters 7-9 (except Henderson or Peplau). I picked Faye G. Abdellah: Patient-center approaches to nursing and have attached the chapter where the theorist is discussed

2. Obtain an original work of the theorist (i.e., primary source). You may not be able to so get a source that exemplifies the theory. Do not use your textbook. Provide the reference in your post. Patient-Centered Approaches to Nursing.

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3. Read the following case study and think about how your theorist would interpret the assessment information provided and intervene. All of this should be consistent with the grand nursing theory you choose.
Address the following items.
1. State which theory you are using In your initial post. Try to be the theorist and see the case from the theory. For example if you were Roy you will write about maintaining infection control for the baby in the NICU since her theory is on adaptation to the environment
3. Write a nursing diagnosis (see PP in lecture)
4. Write one intervention for the diagnosis that could be applied to the family in the case study. You may choose either the mother, the infant, or the family as your focus. THE INTERVENTION MUST BE CONGRUENT WITH THE THEORY. Patient-Centered Approaches to Nursing.
200-250 words

GUIDELINES
PLEASE DO NOT CHOOSE A CULTURE THEORY.
Here are some suggestions for concepts to discuss within your theory – depression, post partum. guilt, stress, family, premature,transitions, adaptation.

Case Study:
Mrs. Bedlam gave birth to a premature boy baby 3 weeks ago. The baby is still in the NICU at the major medical center 45 miles away. Mrs. Bedlam has only been able to visit once a week when her husband has a day off and can watch their other children, all girls, ages 1, 3, 4, and 6.

The Bedlam family moved from Saudi Arabia 2 years ago. Prior to this pregnancy, Mrs. Bedlam was taking Prozac for depression. She states she feels so guilty because she can’t come to see the baby more often and can’t breast feed him as her culture demands.

Baby Boy Bedlam has necrotizing entercolitis and at least one intracranial bleed. He now weighs 1800 grams. His ventilator is set to deliver 85% oxygen.

Faye G. Abdellah: Patient-Center Approaches to Nursing
Nursing Diagnosis
The recommended nursing diagnosis, in this case, is post-partum depression (PPD). Postpartum depression (PPD) can be described as a type of mood disorder, which affects some women after delivery.According to Anokye et al (2018), from 10 to 15% of mothers suffer from this condition annually. Mrs. Bedlam is suffering from this condition following the birth to a premature baby boy in the previous three weeks ago. Post-partum depression (PPD) is characterized by feeling guilty. In this case, Mrs. Bedlam feels guilty since she is not able to visit her new-born baby boy more frequently. Additionally, she feels guilty since she can’t breastfeed the baby due to some cultural beliefs.
Intervention for the Diagnosis
The intervention for the condition is based on“Patient-Center Approaches to Nursing” theory. The model was developed to guide clinicians when providing care to hospitalized patients(Koechig, 2015).Nonetheless, it applies to the entire nursing care. It is patient-centred practice, which makes it be considered as human needs theory. This theory considers an individual as a whole. Consequently, nursing care is offered to a more individualized approach. In this case, the recommended intervention should be offered to the mother. In particular, a clinician should focus on helping the mother to recover. According to this theory, a healthcare professional should embrace both positive and negative reactions, expressions, and feelings of the mother(Koechig, 2015). Consequently, he or she will be able to assist the mother to manage the symptoms of the condition. Additionally, the care provider should establish and maintenance verbal and nonverbal communications with the mother. Communicating with the patient will help her to overcome what she is going through. Patient-Centered Approaches to Nursing.

PROMPT
1. Pick one of the grand nursing theories from chapters 7-9 (except Henderson or Peplau)

2. Obtain an original work of the theorist (i.e., primary source). You may not be able to so get a source that exemplifies the theory. Do not use your textbook. Provide the reference in your post.
3. Read the following case study and think about how your theorist would interpret the assessment information provided and intervene. All of this should be consistent with the grand nursing theory you choose.
Address the following items.
1. State which theory you are using In your initial post. Try to be the theorist and see the case from the theory. For example if you were Roy you will write about maintaining infection control for the baby in the NICU since her theory is on adaptation to the environment
3. Write a nursing diagnosis (see PP in lecture)
4. Write one intervention for the diagnosis that could be applied to the family in the case study. You may choose either the mother, the infant, or the family as your focus. THE INTERVENTION MUST BE CONGRUENT WITH THE THEORY. Patient-Centered Approaches to Nursing.
200-250 words

GUIDELINES
PLEASE DO NOT CHOOSE A CULTURE THEORY.
Here are some suggestions for concepts to discuss within your theory – depression, post partum. guilt, stress, family, premature,transitions, adaptation.
Mrs. Bedlam gave birth to a premature boy baby 3 weeks ago. The baby is still in the NICU at the major medical center 45 miles away. Mrs. Bedlam has only been able to visit once a week when her husband has a day off and can watch their other children, all girls, ages 1, 3, 4, and 6.

The Bedlam family moved from Saudi Arabia 2 years ago. Prior to this pregnancy, Mrs. Bedlam was taking Prozac for depression. She states she feels so guilty because she can’t come to see the baby more often and can’t breast feed him as her culture demands.

Baby Boy Bedlam has necrotizing entercolitis and at least one intracranial bleed. He now weighs 1800 grams. His ventilator is set to deliver 85% oxygen.

Copied everything from the chapter on this specific theorist:

“Faye G. Abdellah: Patient-Centered Approaches to Nursing”

Faye Abdellah was one of the first nursing theorists. In one of her earliest writings (Abdellah, Beland, Martin, &Matheney, 1960), she referred to the model created by her colleagues and herself as a framework. Her writings spanned the period from 1954 to 1992 and include books, monographs, book chapters, articles, reports, forewords to books, and conference proceedings.

Background of the Theorist

Abdellah earned her bachelor’s degree in nursing, master’s degree, and doctorate from Columbia University, and she completed additional graduate studies in science at Rutgers University. She served as the chief nurse officer and deputy U.S. Surgeon General, U.S. Public Health Service before retiring in 1993 with the rank of Rear Admiral. She has been awarded many academic honors from both civilian and military sources (Abdellah& Levine, 1994). She retired from her position as dean of the Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in 2000. Patient-Centered Approaches to Nursing.

Philosophical Underpinnings of the Theory

Abdellah’s patient-centered approach to nursing was developed inductively from her practice and isconsidered a human needs theory (Abdellah et al., 1960). The theory was created to assist with nursing education and is most applicable to education and practice (Abdellah et al., 1960). Although it was intended to guide care of those in the hospital, it also has relevance for nursing care in community settings.

Major Assumptions, Concepts, and Relationships

The language of Abdellah’s framework is readable and clear. Consistent with the decade in which she was writing, she uses the term “she” for nurses and “he” for doctors and patients and refers to the object of nursing as “patient” rather than client or consumer (Abdellah et al., 1960). Interestingly, she was one of the early writers who referred to “nursing diagnosis” (Abdellah et al., 1960, p. 9) during a time when nurses were taught that diagnosis was not a nurse’s prerogative. Patient-Centered Approaches to Nursing.

Assumptions

There are no openly stated assumptions in Abdellah’s early work (Abdellah et al., 1960), but in a later work, she added six assumptions. These relate to change and anticipated changes that affect nursing; the need to appreciate the interconnectedness of social enterprises and social problems; the impact of problems such as poverty, racism, pollution, education, and so forth on“health and health care delivery; changing nursing education; continuing education for professional nurses; and development of nursing leaders from underserved groups (Abdellah, Beland, Martin, &Matheney, 1973).
Abdellah and colleagues (1960) developed a list of 21 nursing problems (Box 7-2). They also identified 10 steps to identify the client’s problems and 10 nursing skills to be used in developing a treatment typology.

Box 7-2
Abdellah’s 21 Nursing Problems
1. To maintain good hygiene and physical comfort
2. To promote optimal activity, exercise, rest, and sleep
3. To promote safety through prevention of accidents, injury, or other trauma and through the prevention of the spread of infection
4. To maintain good body mechanics and prevent and correct deformities
5. To facilitate the maintenance of a supply of oxygen to all body cells
6. To facilitate the maintenance of nutrition of all body cells
7. To facilitate the maintenance of elimination
8. To facilitate the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance
9. To recognize the physiologic responses of the body to disease conditions
10. To facilitate the maintenance of regulatory mechanisms and functions
11. To facilitate the maintenance of sensory function
12. To identify and accept positive and negative expressions“feelings, and reactions
13. To identify and accept the interrelatedness of emotions and organic illness
14. To facilitate the maintenance of effective verbal and nonverbal communication
15. To promote the development of productive interpersonal relationships”
16. To facilitate progress toward achievement of personal spiritual goals
17. To create and maintain a therapeutic environment
18. To facilitate awareness of self as an individual with varying physical, emotional, and developmental needs
19. To accept the optimum possible goals in light of physical and emotional limitations
20. To use community resources as an aid in resolving problems arising from illness
21. To understand the role of social problems as influencing factors in the cause of illness”

“According to Abdellah and colleagues (1960), nurses should do the following:
1. Learn to know the patient.
2. Sort out relevant and significant data.
3. Make generalizations about available data in relation to similar nursing problems presented by other patients.
4. Identify the therapeutic plan.”
5. Test generalizations with the patient and make additional generalizations.
6. Validate the patient’s conclusions about his or her nursing problems.
7. Continue to observe and evaluate the patient over a period of time to identify any attitudes and clues affecting his or her behavior.
8. Explore the patient’s and family’s reaction to the therapeutic plan and involve them in the plan. Patient-Centered Approaches to Nursing.
9. Identify how the nurse feels about the patient’s nursing problems.
10. Discuss and develop a comprehensive nursing care plan.”
“Abdellah and colleagues (1960) distinguished between nursing diagnoses and nursing functions. Nursing diagnoses were a determination of the nature and extent of nursing problems presented by individuals receiving nursing care, and nursing functions were nursing activities that contributed to the solution for the same nursing problem. Other concepts central to her work were (1) health care team (a group of health professionals trained at various levels, and often at different institutions, working together to provide health care), (2) professionalization of nursing (requires that nurses identify those nursing problems that depend on the nurse’s use of his or her capacities to conceptualize events and make judgments about them), (3) patient (individual who needs nursing care and who is dependent on the health care provider), and (4) nursing (a service to individuals and families and to society, which helps people cope with their health needs) (Abdellah et al., 1960).

“Usefulness”

The patient-centered approach was constructed to be useful to nursing practice, with the impetus for it being nursing education. Abdellah’s publications on nursing education began with her dissertation; her interest in education of nurses continues into the present.
Abdellah also published work on nursing, nursing research, and public policy related to nursing in several international publications. She has been a strong advocate for improving nursing practice through nursing research and has a publication record on nursing research that dates from 1955 to “the present. Box 7-3 lists only a few of Abdellah’s many publications. Patient-Centered Approaches to Nursing.

Box 7-3
Examples of Abdellah’s Publications
Abdellah, F. G. (1972). Evolution of nursing as a profession: Perspective on manpower development. International Nursing Review, 19(3), 219–238.
Abdellah, F. G. (1986). The nature of nursing science. In L. H. Nicholl (Ed.), Perspectives on nursing theory. Boston, MA: Little, Brown.
Abdellah, F. G. (1987). The federal role in nursing education. Nursing Outlook, 35(5), 224–225.
Abdellah, F. G. (1991). Public policy impacting on nursing care of older adults. In E. M. Baines (Ed.), Perspectives on gerontological nursing. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Abdellah, F. G., Beland, I. L., Martin A., &Matheney, R. V. (1968). Patient-centered approaches to nursing (2nd ed.). New York, NY: MacMillan.
Abdellah, F. G., & Levine, E. (1994). Preparing nursing research for the 21st century: Evolution, methodologies, challenges. New York, NY: Springer Publishing.

“Testability”
Abdellah’s work is a conceptual model that is not directly testable because there are few stated directional relationships. The model is testable in principle, though, because testable hypotheses can be derived from its conceptual material. One work (Abdellah& Levine, 1957) was identified that described the development of a tool to measure client and personnel satisfaction with nursing care. Patient-Centered Approaches to Nursing.

Parsimony
Abdellah and colleagues’ (1960, 1973) model touches on many factors in nursing but focuses primarily on the perspective of nursing education. It defines 21 nursing problems, 10 steps to identifying client’s problems, and 10 nursing skills. Because of its focus and complexity, it is not particularly parsimonious.”

“Value in Extending Nursing Science”

“Abdellah’s model has contributed to nursing science as an early effort to change nursing education. In the early years of its application, it helped to bring structure and organization to what was often a disorganized collection of lectures and experiences. She categorized nursing problems based on the individual’s needs and developed a typology of nursing treatment and nursing skills. Finally, she posited a list of characteristics that described what was distinctly nursing, thereby differentiating the profession from other health professions. Hers was a major contribution to the discipline of nursing, bringing it out of the era of being considered simply an occupation into Nightingale’s ideal of becoming a profession.”

Excerpt From: Melanie McEwen. “Theoretical Basis for Nursing.” Apple Books. Patient-Centered Approaches to Nursing.