PICOT Question and Literature Search.

Posted: November 12th, 2022

PICOT Question and Literature Search.

PICOT Question and Literature Search
Diabetes is among the most common noncommunicable disease worldwide and affects more than 200 million individuals globally. Statistics show that 32 million deaths occur annually due to diabetes. Self-management of diabetes has been shown to significantly improve glycemic control and medication adherence in individuals with diabetes type 2 (Weller et al., 2017). PICOT Question and Literature Search. Self-management is most effective when the patient has the essential skills, knowledge, and capability for diabetes self-care.

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The self-care management includeshealthy lifestyle behaviors that consist of medication adherence, healthy diet choices, good physical activities, smoking cessation, monitoring blood glucose levels, regularly inspecting the feet, effective management of sick days, control of various complications, and real-time decision-making regarding the aforementioned factors. Knowledge regarding type 2 diabetes and its associated complications improves the ability of people with type 2 diabetes to cope and adjust to the disease, while poor knowledge is associated with poor health outcomes and higher rates of hospitalization (Kelly et al., 2018). PICOT Question and Literature Search. Therefore, this project aims to determine if a diabetes self-management education program can improve the patients’ self-care knowledge and behaviors in order to ensure good glycemic control and good health outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes.
PICOT Question
In adult patients with diabetes mellitus (P), can a diabetes self-management education program (I) when compared to no education (C), improve the patients’ self-care knowledge and behaviors (O), in a period of four weeks T)? PICOT Question and Literature Search.
Article 1 Article 2 Article 3
Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and Permalink or Working Link to Access Article Zheng F, Liu S, Liu Y & Deng
Journal of Diabetes Research
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6360047/
Didarloo A, Shojaeizadeh D & Alizadeh M.
International Journal of preventative medicine
http://www.ijpvmjournal.net/article.asp?issn=2008-7802;year=2016;volume=7;issue=1;spage=38;epage=38;aulast=Didarloo Al-Arifi M & Al-Omar H.
Saudi Medical Journal
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6146253/
Article Title and Year Published Effects of an Outpatient Diabetes Self-Management Education on Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in China: A Randomized Controlled Trial. 2019 Impact of educational intervention based on interactive approaches on beliefs, behavior, hemoglobin A1c, and quality of life in diabetic women
2016 Impact of a multidisciplinary intensive education program on type 2 diabetes mellitus patients’ glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors. PICOT Question and Literature Search.
2018

Research Questions (Qualitative) or Hypothesis (Quantitative), and Purposes or Aim of Study Hypothesis: A diabetes self-management education program can improve self-management and glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes

Aim: To assess the efficacy of a diabetes self-management education program Hypothesis: An interactive educational approach is effective in behavior modification and can improve glycemic control and quality of life in people with diabetes

Aim: To examine the impact of educational program on behavior, beliefs, glycemic control, and the quality of life in women with diabetes

Hypothesis: An interdisciplinary team approach improves clinical outcomes of patients with diabetes
Aim: To examine the effect of a multidisciplinary care program on patient having uncontrolled type 2 diabetes

Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative Quantitative Quantitative Quantitative
Setting or Sample Setting: Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Endocrinology Clinic, and Geriatrics Clinic at Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
Sample: 60 patients with type 2 diabetes Setting: Khoy, Islamic Republic of Iran
Sample: 90 patients with diabetes Setting: King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC) PICOT Question and Literature Search.
Sample: 174 patients with type 2 diabetes
Methods: Intervention or Instruments Culturally competent diabetes self-management education program Diabetes knowledge: Assessed using various tests
Attitude toward self-care behavior: Assessed using valid indirect tests
Self-care behavior: Assessed using diabetes self-care measures
HRQOL: Assessed using WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire
HbA1c: Measured using hemolysate Multidisciplinary education approach
Analysis SPSS used to perform data analysis
Quantitative data described as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) SPSS software used for data analysis
Descriptive statistics like frequencies, percentages, and Chi-square test used to analyze various variables SPSS software used for data analysis
Descriptive data presented in form of numbers, percentages, means, medians, & standard deviations
Key Findings The diabetes education program was effective in improving the level of self-management, reduced emotional distress, and also facilitated effective glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes The educational program was effective in modifying the health beliefs of the patients and behavior, and also improved glycemic control index and the quality of life in women with diabetes After the multidisciplinary educational program, the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes significantly improved. PICOT Question and Literature Search.

Recommendations Personalized diabetes education should be provided to all patients with type 2 diabetes in order to improve their self-management skills and behaviors Healthcare providers and nurses should consider using interactive education approach in patient education for people with diabetes
Effective glycemic control and diabetes management should involve an interdisciplinary team approach

Explanation of How the Article Supports EBP or Capstone The article is relevant to my Capstone because it provides information regarding patient education in patients with type 2 diabetes in order to improve their self-care knowledge and behaviors The article provides more knowledge on use of interactive education approach to improve knowledge for patient with diabetes and thus the article supports EBP The article shows that Implementation of a multidisciplinary during patient education approach is useful in improving clinical outcomes of people with type 2 diabetes

Article 4 Article 5 Article 6
Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and Permalink or Working Link to Access Article Weller S, Baer R, Nash A & Noe P
BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5530238/ Mikhael E, Hassali M, Saad H & Nizar S.
Diabetes metabolic syndrome and obesity
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6301727/ Kelly L, Jenkinson C & Morley D
JMIR Diabetes
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6238842/
Article Title and Year Published Discovering successful strategies for diabetic self-management: a qualitative comparative study
2017 Self-management knowledge and practice of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Baghdad, Iraq: a qualitative study
2019 Experiences of Using Web-Based and Mobile Technologies to Support Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes: Qualitative Study
2018
Research Questions (Qualitative) or Hypothesis (Quantitative), and Purposes or Aim of Study Aim: To identify strategies allied to better glycemic control in individuals with diabetes mellitus
Aim: To identify and understand behaviors, skills, knowledge and barriers of effective diabetes self-care in people with type 2 diabetes
Aim: To establish the impact of mobile and Web-based technologies in management of type 2 diabetes

Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative Qualitative Qualitative Qualitative
Setting or Sample Setting: University-affiliated Family Medicine Clinics in Galveston, Texas
Sample: Adult patients with diabetes
Setting: National Diabetes Center, Baghdad
Sample: Patients previously diagnosed with type 2 diabetes Sample: Adults with type 2 diabetes & experience of using technology-based resources to support self-management of diabetes
Methods: Intervention or Instruments Interviewing was used for data collection using open-ended questions and free-listing interviews
Face-to-face individual-based semi-structured interviews used to collect data In-depth interviews used for data collection via face-to-face or over the phone
Analysis Thematic codes used for data analysis Data was coded manually and codes classified into predefinedgroups Analysis of interview transcripts done using the framework method
Key Findings Good glycemic control associated with the required lifestyle behaviors such as adhering to the proper diet and physical activities Patients adherence to the medications was satisfactory but participants lacked knowledge regarding self-management practices for foot care and diabetes management during sick days Web-based and mobile technologies supported patients with type 2 diabetes to maintain individualized and tailored goals in their health management
Recommendations More research needed on the best dietary strategies for people with diabetes Self-management education programs for people with diabetes should be implemented because lack of knowledge was found to be the key barrier in diabetes self-management Technologies such as web-based and mobile technologies need to be incorporated in diabetes self-management in order to allow personalized diabetes self-care for the patients
Explanation of How the Article Supports EBP or Capstone The article provides an insight on the lifestyle behaviors associated with effective glycemic control The article identifies the importance of educational program for people with type 2 diabetes in order to improve their self-care management and thus the article is relevant in the capstone project The article indicates that integration of technologies in diabetes management can improve diabetes self-care and thus the article supports EBP

PICOT Question and Literature Search.